The Politics Behind a Magazine :: Media

The Politics Behind a Magazine The Progressive is a magazine that was begun in 1909. Mathew Rothschild, who was the editorial manager of the Multinational Monitor a Ralph Nader established magazine, is the current proofreader of the magazine. The proof of this magazine being liberal is found by considering the general visual plan, the position on contentions of the articles, and the political positions of the writers that are distributed. In looking through The Progressive and watching it outwardly a peruser can accumulate a political perspective from its promotions and pictures. The image, which is seen on the front of the magazines, is a delineation of an article out of the magazine. For example, in the 2001 Jan. issue the main story is â€Å"Aristide, Again† and the image shows a Haitian man with a stamped thumb implying that he has casted a ballot with the ghettos swarmed with individuals as the foundation. Alongside the world the U.S. doesn't favor of returning him in power yet for most Haitians, which are poor, he is the one in particular who is for poor people. A portion of the commercials in the magazine were books that engaged individuals needing to find out about creation a change, for example, the one attempting to deal The Magnificent Activist that asserted the writer was â€Å"A Radical in His Era A Visionary in Ours† (The Progressive 40). There is a segment in the magazine called â€Å"On the Line† which houses an assortment of little articles that have pictures which represent the story they are telling and of them was an article called â€Å"Striptease for the Trees.† In this article’s picture a ladies is fundamentally fighting the away from of California’s old Redwood Trees by remaining in the street uncovered chested before the logging trucks halting their entry. From the commercials and the covers’ eye getting aesthetic creativity to the numerous photos for the articles in the magazine a position for the left side is depicted. The articles that are distributed in The Progressive outline the perspectives on liberal writers through the points they pick and the contention they use. At the point when the foundation of the creators are checked and a big motivator for they is surveyed then a political inclination can be expected on the magazine for picking them.

The heart that bleeds Latin America Now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The heart that drains Latin America Now - Essay Example arrangement like no others in the Western Hemisphere. Mixed are profiles of the Argentineans Evita Peron and Che Guevara and Peruvian Mario Vargas Llosa. Almost 50% of the book is committed to a progression of hardly reasonable stories from Mexico, where Guillermoprieto was conceived and come back to live in the mid-1990's. These articles showed up in The New Yorker and in The New York Review of Books somewhere in the range of 1994 and 2000. In this book, Guillermoprieto is at her best in her mental representations of Latin America's offbeat politicos. Among them are Vargas Llosa, the Peruvian author who lost a presidential offer; Guevara, the symbol by which the Latin American left characterized itself, and Vicente Fox, the Mexican farmer who deposed a degenerate political machine to take the administration. Guillermoprieto clarifies why Vargas Llosa, a creator of motivating writing, bombed pitiably in his presidential offer. Her article about Vargas Llosa likewise opens up a window into an unfeeling topic what Guillermoprieto calls a crucial quality of Peruvians, however is a lot of a proceeding with issue of Latin America and those in the diaspora to the United States. These countries and their people groups are continually inundated in struggle over their blended blood and class. It's the profound situated clarification for the contentions and disappointments of Peruvian life. In her shrewdly taken care of exposition on Che, it's straightforward why Guillermoprieto, with her feelings toward poor people, was attracted to Che as a topic. Here she dismembers three profound tomes, distributed in 1997, on Che. What's more, in doing so she rapidly brings the peruser into her age's own mind. She said Guevara was conceived in Latin America's hour of the saint. Thus a considerable lot of our pioneers have been so degenerate, and the scope of permitted and perhaps open movement has been so thin, and shamefulness has shouted out so piercingly to the sky, that solitary a legend can answer the call, and just a brave method of life could appear to be commendable. Guevara contrasted the kindled skyline of his time, alone and one of a kind. She sees Che's blemishes, however. With skyline excited, an age of supporters were burned by their Che belief system. In an individual entry, she subtleties how those offspring of Che outfitted in radical insurgency would bite the dust, including an extraordinary companion of Guillermoprieto's mom, an artist and women's activist manager named Alaide Foppa. What's more, by orchestrating subtleties from a book by Jon Anderson, she shows how Che, this man of the individuals, was a machista of an elitist foundation who might have his sexual route with the family house keepers. She composes that Guevara's trademarks presently solid silly. Also, she features that with work from a book by Jorge Castaneda, a political specialist who is currently Mexico's remote clergyman. Castaneda's Che is a man who can't hold up under the characteristic inner conflict of the world, a universe of dim where individuals have blended loyalties. As the inevitable leader of the Central Bank, for instance, Che was flummoxed by day-today real factors of running an administration. Why degenerate laborers by offering them more cash to work more enthusiastically Given the district's history of dilapidated economies, the peruser thinks about whether a Latin American could be discovered today

How to Manage Time With 10 Tips That Work

How to Manage Time With 10 Tips That Work “Don’t be fooled by the calendar. There are only as many days in the year as you make use of. One man gets only a week’s value out of a year while another man gets a full year’s value out of a week.”  Charles RichardsWhat comes into your mind when you think of the most precious thing in the world? For some it is diamonds. Yet for others it is gold. Some think of their home, wife and children.However, very few people manage to answer the question correctly. The answer to this question is time. Time is the most precious commodity in the world despite the fact that it is the most commonly available. What makes it precious is our tendency to waste it. It is important for everyone in this world to manage time regardless of whatever you do. It is the secret to success and the most successful men in the history were able to open this secret. You have exactly the same amount of time as did Sir Isaac Newton, Tesla, Mother Teresa, Muhammad Ali, Bill Gates, Einstein, Leonardo di Vinc i and Michelangelo etc.What you need to do is to manage your time properly just like all the people who have successfully left their mark on the history.Unfortunately, time management is a skill very few people succeed in mastering. That being said, you actually need to structure your life rather than trying to manage time, especially if you are running a business. It is also a fact that some of the most experienced businessmen or professionals struggle badly when it comes to time management.However, it is the most important skill to have in both business and life. And if you are able to optimize your time properly, you will get an unprecedented success in both professional and personal life.Here are top 10 time management tips that actually work. You can use them days in and days out and the results will always be the same.KNOW YOUR OBJECTIVESFirst and foremost, you need to identify your business as well as life goals. If you are totally unaware of what your targets are, you can ne ver optimize your time accordingly.The lack of life goals will only result in the waste of precious time. Without the set targets and goals, everything you do is a potential time waster only.Therefore, your daily routine should consist of activities and task which directly relate to your goals and help you achieve them in the short and long run.It is also advisable to set daily goals in order to fully optimize the 24 hours available to you every day.Similarly, decide early in the morning what results you want to attain from each of the activity you are going to engage in the day. For instance, decide why you are going to meet someone in the evening? What is the purpose of the meeting you have called? It is also imperative to take 5 minutes after every task you complete and determine whether you have achieved your desired results or not.By performing this ritual daily, you will have an initial idea of what time management looks and feels like. Ultimately, you can implement your time management strategy on bigger scale as well.PRIORITIZATION IS THE KEYThere are two types of tasks in the world, the urgent tasks and the less urgent tasks. It is an open secret that you should always tackle urgent tasks first. However, this is not always the case.Most people keep on wasting time on trivial tasks like checking their Facebook and Twitter status, texting aimlessly, watching Game of Thrones over and over again and of course, just procrastinating. You should not do that. If you don’t prioritize your tasks, you are not going to make most of the time available to you.Task prioritization is the most important aspect of time management. First Things First by Steven Covey, one of the most popular books on time management, offers a very effective tool for organizational time management.It helps you create a to-do-list depending upon the importance and urgency of your daily business tasks. In this regard, you can categorize your tasks into following groups.Important and Urgen t. These are the tasks which need your immediate attention. You should do them right away without any delay.Important but not Urgent. Initially, these tasks look important but become less important after closer inspection. It is up to you to decide what you need to do with them.Urgent but not Important. These are the tasks which create a lot of hassle but do not offer any real value after completion. You better delegate these tasks to someone else.Not Urgent and not Important. These tasks have the lowest priority. You normally do them to look busy. It is better to perform them at some free time if you have any.You should always have a list of the most important tasks you need to do every day. Check them of your list one by one as you complete them. Keep repeating the process and you will become adept in prioritizing your tasks. PLAN IN ADVANCE“Productivity is never an accident. It is always the result of a commitment to excellence, intelligent planning, and focused effort.”   Pa ul J. MeyerA planned life is always better than an unplanned life. There is no other opinion about it. Nothing can be worse than having no idea of what you have to do to put your life back on the right track. Similarly, running an unplanned business is a proven recipe for a disaster.If you do not plan your tasks and activities in advance, you will not only waste a lot of precious time but your business will eventually go to the ruins. Therefore, every business expert asserts on the importance of planning your business activities in advance.As a matter of fact, you spend more time performing your tasks haphazardly as compared to time spent on actually planning and prioritizing them. Jumping aimlessly from one desk to another will not only make you lose time but you won’t be able to accomplish anything. Most successful people do two things to plan their daily activities.They Plan a Day or Night beforeThey spare 15 to 30 minutes at the end of the everyday to make a list of the tasks they have to do first thing in the next morning. Another great decompression technique is to clean your desk before leaving.You will feel relaxed and better just by looking at the clean table the next morning, helping you focus on the more important tasks at hand.Plan in the MorningYou can also compile your to-do list by arriving 10 minutes early in the morning. In most cases, the tasks you assemble in the morning are actually the most important and urgent tasks of the day.DON’T FOSTER DISTRACTIONSThe modern world is full of distractions most of which are related to technology such as social media, gaming and watching TV for hours.For example, smartphone is one of the biggest inventions of the 21st century but it is also the most deceptive time waster in the modern world as well. You need to get rid of all these distractions if you want to optimize your time properly and focus on your life and business.You also need to identify all the self-induced distractions and try to indulge in them only when absolutely necessary. You might also want to minimize the human-induced distractions from your life and work as well. Askothers, no matter who they are, not to interrupt you when you are performing an important task. It is easier said than done but this is what you have to do.It is very difficult to break a bad habit or recover from an addiction.But when there is a will there is a way. Yes, you do need a lot of will power and determination to remove all the unwanted distractions from your life. You have to switch off your phone for a while and concentrate on your tasks. It is also important to meet family, talk to your staff, response to your emails or answer calls.But you don’t need to do all this when you are in the midst of something important.For instance, accomplish all these missions before starting your day, by planning a break in the day or after finishing your work when you have nothing else to do.DELEGATE YOUR DUTIES QUITE OFTENYou may be a very hard wo rking person.Similarly, you may by expert in multitasking or do not have enough manpower to delegate you duties. All these things compel you to do all the work yourself. Whether you realize it or not, it is one of the biggest methods of wasting your time. Besides, multitasking is never going to produce the desired results you want.So what should be the best course of action for you? You should probably try to delegate your duties as often as possible. You should probably start by hiring more employees if you can afford of course. These employees can carry some of your burden and take some of the work of your desk.You should not overly indulge yourself in trivial day to day matters if you want to be a successful businessman. You should focus on the future and long term goals. One way of doing this is to pass some of your responsibilities to others. USE CALENDARS AND SET TIME LIMIT FOR EVERY TASKIf you want to manage your daily activities in the best manner possible, start using calen dars at the earliest. Some of the most important mailing software such as Lotus and Outlook come with the calendars, making things even more convenient for you.Similarly, Google Calendar is one of the best online calendars available to you right now. Just sync it with any of the hardware you commonly use such as your smartphone or tab and you are good to go. It also helps you access your calendar wherever you are.All online calendars have more or less the same functions. They basically help you make three types of appointments that are general appointments, self-appointments and team appointments.Furthermore, they also remind you of your appointments a day or two in advance, enabling you to schedule your tasks more effectively.It is also imperative for you to set a time limit for every task and try to finish it within the deadline. For instance, if you want to complete a presentation before 10 AM, you must finish it before 10 AM.As a result, you will not linger on and consume the ti me reserved for other tasks, improving your productivity and effectiveness in the process.LEARN TO SAY NOYou cannot please every person in this world. It is a universal truth and there is no denying of it. You can manage your time by making a lot of commitments and shuffle between them as the need arises. It is a great time optimization technique to say the least. However, it does not always work. Sometimes, you do need to say no.Taking every opportunity that comes knocking at your door can also complicate matters for you. It will not only overburden you but can also result in entrepreneur burnout.Similarly, it is not always possible to honor multiple commitments or give your full time and energy to multiple projects at the same time. In the end, it can result in utter waste of time and sheer disappointment.Therefore, it is better for you to only take those opportunities you really care about and have reasonable amount of time for. If you cannot deliver in the end or you are too muc h stretched out already, you must pass on a project.There is no point of taking an opportunity if you are not interested in it or cannot give it your best. If you take it, it will only add to your frustration and physical exhaustion.FOCUS ON JOB AT HANDIf you are doing a job or completing a task, try to concentrate solely on that task. You can get best out of your time if you focus on one job at a time. Again, keep all unnecessary distractions such as smartphones, television and gaming consoles out of your sight. It is even better if you can find a solitary place so you can focus wholeheartedly on the job.You need to immerse yourself in that one task you are doing. Just imagine that nothing else exists in this world.Moreover, try to complete a task once you start it. There should ideally be no breaks other than emergencies until you have finished your work.Once again, it is important to block all the distractions and spend all your energies on completing the task.However, you can de finitely listen to your favorite music while working if that helps you. IDENTIFY YOUR PRIME TIMEIt is difficult to maintain same level of productivity all day long. Some people are more productive in the morning while others like to work during the night.Therefore, it is imperative for you to find the time when you happen to be most productive. It can be the morning, afternoon, evening or night. Identify your prime time and try to perform the most important or complex tasks during that time.Similarly, you also need to identify the time when you are least productive. Most people tend to lose focus in the afternoon. Obviously, you should never schedule your important tasks or client meetings during this time of the day. If you do, you will not only lose time but also your productivity and in some cases, trust of your clients.SWITCH OFF WHEN YOU MUST AND TAKE GOOD CARE OF YOURSELFConstant work and no rest make everyone tired. You can actually burnout physically and mentally if you neve r take a break. You cannot keep on working without taking any rest. If you do, you will inflict irreparable damage to your mind and body.It is also almost impossible to recover from emotional and physical burnout you suffer due to overwork. In fact, one of the biggest reasons businessmen fail is that they are unable to stop or switch off when they must.You should always add necessary breaks and distractions to your daily, weekly and monthly schedule. Always take small breaks after completing a task and freshen up your mind. You can even interrupt a meeting if you don’t feel you are fully into it.Also try to take biannual and annual vacations whenever you can. You just need to keep in mind that you cannot continue forever. There will always be a time when you have to stop and when the time comes you must stop.CONCLUSIONTime is the most valuable asset we have in this world. You can only be successful if you are able to increase your productivity and maximize your effectiveness. It c an only be possible if you optimize your time properly.If you are struggling with time management, you can take help of abovementioned tips to effectively manage your time and transform your life.

The Future of Book Production

The onset of information technologies in the last several decades considerably changed and continues to change our everyday lives, our habits, our economy. New industries appear, old ones disappear or change beyond recognition, and one of the industries that simply cannot ignore the technological progress is, of course, book production. E-Books vs. Printed Paper A lot of people believe that printed books will turn into an anachronism in a matter of years – e-books are just too convenient. In order for a printed book to reach its final user one has to create its layout, get a printing press, procure expendable materials, print it, bind it, put it into a cover and physically transport to every single person that is going to use it. While in case of an e-book one has to prepare it once for every separate format, after which the final user will be capable to download it and use it with his or her reading device. No need to line your walls with bookshelves that gather dust and smell of mold. No need to carry a bagful of books with you if you want to read during a long journey. If you have your reading device with you, you can have any number of books you need or like at any given moment. But of course there are still naysayers. They base their disbelief in the possibility that e-books will ever become completely dominant on different premises. Some say that e-books just don’t have the feel of ‘real’ books and there will always be a percentage of nostalgic readers who will choose to use time-honored technology. Others think that e-books are bad for the eyes. Still others – and it is the most interesting idea of all – believe that e-books are very far from being such an ideal medium as it is often portrayed. Technological Difficulties In fact, some publishers find dealing with e-books even more difficult, taxing and full of setbacks than traditional printing. The problem is based on the fact that there are different devices which use different formats, and the producers of these devices are ready to go out of their way to promote their own formats and make it impossible to use on all other devices, fighting for their share of the market. There are, for example, the following formats: PDF document. EPUB format, used in most e-book hardware and software. MOBI, proprietary Amazon’s format which is a simplified version of EPUB. KF8. FB2. And it is just to name a few. Remaking of a book for each and every of these formats is a long and arduous task, entailing many technological difficulties. It may turn out that it is quicker and easier to publish a book the old-fashioned way than to try and deal with all this chaos. However, one shouldn’t forget that the art of book printing existed for centuries and was perfected by generations of experts, while e-books have been in more or less active use for several decades. They will achieve the same level of perfection – in time.

Comparison Of Hobbes And Locke s State Of Nature

The state is oppressive and was created to exploit people. This essay will examine why the state is needed, two states with different political views, how it impacts individuals as well as looking at the political views from two philosophers of social contract theory. Both Hobbes and Locke’s theory will be applied to Poland and North Korea. This first section provides a general discussion of the Hobbes and Locke’s state of nature and how it relates to individuals. According to Lacewing (2008), the state of nature can be defined as an idea of existence without government, without a state or laws. The state of nature for each philosopher differ because their mind-sets are shaped by their environment and experiences in life. Hobbes looks at man’s state of nature from a pessimistic point of view. Life according to Hobbes is an egoistic quest for the satiation of desires, in which everybody are allowed to go about as they wish and might represent a danger to others presence and survival. Man will additionally will be foe to one another, man is selfish and will only act on their man’s common state, and life for man will be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. In the leviathan, Hobbes goes on by stating that man wants protection, since they can t all have it, they assume that the individuals who wis h it alongside them will attempt and take it away â€Å"the cause of this is not always that a man hopes for a more intensive delight than he has already attained to†¦ but he cannotShow MoreRelatedGeorge Hobbes And Locke s Theories On Government, Human Nature, And Natural Law1661 Words   |  7 Pagestheir proximity to one another and because of their similar nature. For instance, I wrote about Basque and Catalonian independence in Spain. While it may be apt to say that they are the same for a number of reasons. They were inherently different because of the small details that change their trajectory to land close to each other but not in the same place. Much is the same when comparing Hobbes’ and Locke’s theories on government, human nature, and natural law. Both may come to the same conclusion aboutRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The State Of Nature1727 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophers the notion of the State of Nature, a concept used to describe the hypothetical conditions of human life before the development of societies, is important in determining political societies, or the governmental structures that composed these. However, many philosophers have different notions of the State of Nature. In this essay I am going to use the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacque Rousseau to explain how their notions of the State of Nature shape the way they envisionRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke888 Words   |  4 PagesThe comparison of these two men is a very interesting pair. They both share ideas that are very similar but diverge in the moments that solidify their stance on their opinion. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke is both political scientist who have made strides in the area of social contracts and share being natural law theorist also. Locke and all other natural law theorists assumed that man was by nature a social animal and there fore struck contracts with each other to secure safety among them. HobbesRead MoreJohn Lo cke s Theory Of Government884 Words   |  4 Pages This essay will discuss and show how Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution follows the speculation of government from the philosopher John Locke. We’ll additionally discuss Thomas Hobbes’s theory of government. Both John Locke and Jefferson’s theories contributed to the American Revolution and to the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution found within the Declaration of Independence follows John Locke’s theory of government in multiple aspects, as well as inRead MoreHuman Nature, By John Locke Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesHuman nature is a cruel mistress that depending on a person’s view on the world can be really on either ok or really bad. In only isolated situations does human nature lead people to do true good while in general human nature leads to bad decisions and equally bad results. Philosophers have all written about human nature in t heir commonwealths as well as in their imagined states of nature. Thomas Hobbes in his book, Levithan, and John Locke in his second treatise in his book, Two Treatises on GovernmentRead MoreThe Relationship Between Locke And Rousseau On Human Nature2003 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION This essay is aimed at discussing how human nature in Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau impact the way that the role and function of the state is viewed. Human Nature is referred to as the essential and immutable character of all human beings. Others may refer to it as the biological or genetic factor suggesting that there is an established and unchanging human core. It highlights what is innate and natural about human life, as opposed to what human beings have gained from education or throughRead MoreHobbes, Locke, And Rousseau s Theory Of Government3619 Words   |  15 Pages Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau: Who Has the Most Scripturally Correct Theory of Government? Katherine Shoemaker GOVT 302-B01 Professor Stephen Witham Liberty University â€Æ' Outline I. John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are the three philosophers that have the most developed view of human nature as it applies to government. a. Each of these philosophers has a literary work or works that look at human nature and its application to government. b. We will be examining Locke’s SecondRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Political Philosophy Essay3649 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction: The term â€Å"Political Philosophy† is a normative study of state, government, relationships between individual and communities, laws, rights and justice. It depends on the philosophers that can be entangled with ethics, economics and also metaphysics. Political thinkers are the pioneers of â€Å"Modern Politics† in the world. The first serious political thinkers emerged in Greece. Plato and Aristotle are two great philosophers of ancient Greece. Plato in his book â€Å"The Republic† delivers theRead MoreThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 Pagesand the problems it gave rise to. Locke, John, An Essay concerning human understanding, Everyman, 1961: Book 1, of Innate ideas, Book 2, chapter 1, of ideas in general and their original, Berkeley, George, A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Empiricists endorse the idea that we have no source of knowledge in S or for the concepts we use in S other than sense experience. This radical way of thinking began in the 17th century, with John Locke often regarded as the â€Å"father of BritishRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how

The Effects Of Electroconvulsive Therapy On Other Forms Of...

INTRODUCTION I am going to be examining Electroconvulsive Therapy, which is used to treat severely depressed people, as well as other forms of psychological disorders. I’m focusing only on how this therapy is used to treat major depression, because although depression is the most treatable mental illness, it is still the one we all suffer from the most. This therapy uses electrical currents to re-charge the neurotransmitters in the brain, allowing these neurotransmitters to function efficiently, restoring the chemical imbalance in the Adrenal and Thyroid systems; which is often found in patients with severe depression. This therapy is better known through the media as â€Å"shock therapy.† Sounds scary, but it’s very safe and has been proven to help save people suffering from this often unbearable, mood disorder. POPULATION People most at risk for depression are ones who have had something terrible happen to them at some point in their lives. It could be the loss of a loved one, getting fired or laid off from a job, or finding out that your husbands been lying and cheating with your good friend. Developing major depression also increases if you’re a heavy drug user or alcoholic, and if someone in your family has had these same thoughts and feelings. If a family member has a mood disorder, studies show a significant increase that’s over double the likely-hood, of developing these distorted thoughts. Researchers also found that people between the ages of 25-44 years oldShow MoreRelatedShock Therapy Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesShock Therapy Shock Therapy is a treatment used to adjust a patient’s brain function in psychiatric disorders. There are different kinds of shock therapy including Electroconvulsive Therapy, Insulin Therapy and Hydrotherapy. The first kind of shock therapy is Electroconvulsive therapy or ECT. The common name is electroshock therapy. The way ECT is administered is by putting electrodes on the patient’s temples, and then providing a shock to their head causing the patient to have a seizure. (WadeRead MoreChapter Thirteen Of Experience Psychology982 Words   |  4 Pagesfocuses on therapies. The four sections that are discussed in this chapter are: biological therapies, psychotherapy, sociocultural approaches and issues in treatment, and the effectiveness of psychotherapy. The treatments that eliminate or reduce symptoms of psychological disorders are biological therapies. These therapies alter the aspects of the body functioning. The three forms of biological therapy are drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery therapy. Drug therapy is the mostRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1238 Words   |  5 Pages7 billion. There also has to be millions of people in the world, whose lives are affected by something psychological. From diseases, disorders, phobias and more. Neurological diseases affect the brain and the behaviors of people diagnosed with them. Although there are many neurological diseases, schizophrenia is one of them. Schizophrenia is one of the more known disorders in the psychological world. Throughout this paper the following questions are answered: what is schizophrenia, what are the causesRead MoreShould Electroconvulsive Therapy Ever Be Used to Treat2068 Words   |  9 PagesSHOULD ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY EVER BE USED TO TREAT MENTAL DISORDERS? A. Thesis Statement Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for severe mental illness in which the brain is stimulated with a strong electrical current which induces a seizure. The seizure rearranges the brains neurochemistry and results in an elevation of mood. This essay asks: Is ECT any safer and more effective in treating mood disorders than drug therapies? This treatment has a controversial history ever sinceRead More Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a Safe Treatment for Mental Disorders2006 Words   |  9 PagesStatement Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for severe mental illness in which the brain is stimulated with a strong electrical current which induces a seizure. The seizure rearranges the brains neurochemistry and results in an elevation of mood. This essay asks: Is ECT any safer and more effective in treating mood disorders than drug therapies? This treatment has a controversial history ever since it was first introduced in 1938. I intend to argue that electroconvulsive therapy is indeedRead MoreTreatment Of Schizophrenia And Generalized Anxiety Disorder1427 Words   |  6 Pages Some of the common psychiatric disorders that are experienced by patients include depression, schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder. The psychiatric disorders may be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. 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The secondRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of A Depressive Disorder1591 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a depressive disorder? â€Å" A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It interferes with daily life, normal functioning, and causes pain for both the person with the disorder and those who care about him or her.† (Psychology Today) The term depression in psychology is more than just sadness. â€Å"People with depression may experience a lack of interest and pleasure in daily activities, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or excessive sleeping, lack ofRead MoreHomosexuality As A Mental Disorder1325 Words   |  6 Pagesmany reasons; race, religion, political affiliations, and sexual orientation. In the United States, and many other nations across the globe, there have been hundreds of thousands of people victimized for being homosexual. Due to differing standpoints, homosexuality is seen as â€Å"immoral† or â€Å"sinful† or even â€Å"disgusting†. Up until 1973, homosexuality was also referred to as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association. People could be openly criticized, mocked, and often killed for simplyRead MoreClincal Depression Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesis a very common disease that will affect a large percentage of th e population at some point during their life span. At least 10% of all people will suffer from a major depressive disorder, while even a larger percentage will suffer from some type of mild depression. It is a serious disease that has been linked to other physical and mental illnesses. It has also been a cause of death in numerous cases due to suicide and heart disease. The most disturbing fact about depression is that it so often

Management of Organisations Corporate World

Question: Describe about the Report for Management of Organisations and Corporate World. Answer: In the contemporary corporate world, in order to sustain in the volatile and stern market conditions the organizations are required to prepare a team of enthusiastic, motivated, optimistic and loyal mavens. The key element for organizational stability and enhanced performances is motivated and passionate employees. Motivation drives employees to accomplish the goals, excel at their jobs and fulfil the responsibilities with positive and constructive outlook. Working as a bank teller in OCBC bank requires strong intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in order to deliver the best even in stressful and hectic schedule. The team leader empowers the full-time and part-time bank tellers by conducting sales and product training and development programs, coaching, organizing events and workshops, conducting role plays and skill building exercises, providing feedback formally and informally, etc. Therefore, the key motivational driver present at the workplace is effective leadership. The leaders try to strike a perfect balance between revenue, customer service and productivity. Leaders foremost objective is to polish the communication skills, attitude and convincing power of the tellers. Tellers are provided with constant support, positive reinforcement and roadmap for each job role. (Thamrin, 2012). The performance related incentive system, recognition programs, tuition assistance, paid vacations and access to health benefits motivate the tellers to achieve the desired target and perform stupendously (Kinning, 2011). The tellers are also acknowledged and praised for their efforts, behaviour and performances. Felicitating the tellers with gifts, certificates, lunch parties, etc. or verbally praising in front of peers; are effective ways that seniors follow to engage and engross the tellers to deliver high quality results. Personally, being praised and respected for the targets achieved have always been stimulating to understand the issues of the customers having unsorted mind-sets, handle their queries with patience, inform them about the product features as many times as they want and convince them about loans, savings or investments (Helmrich, 2015). The third motivational driver at work is organizational culture. OCBC welcomes innovation, values every employee, maintains optimism, creates synergy and promotes flexibility and openness. The organization revolves around three Rs: Respecting colleagues, juniors, seniors and clients. Reinforcing the employees efforts and performances. Taking up the roles or responsibilities with full confidence and enthusiasm. There prevails an effective transfer of knowledge, processes and resources along with teamwork which leads to increased job satisfaction and commitment (Sleimi, 2015). OCBC has always tried to introduce creative motivational drivers for bank tellers and there does not exist any strong discouraging or demotivating factor, but the manager or the team leader should make sure that job role is clearly communicated to the tellers in order to avoid any confusion or misunderstanding. References: Thamrin, H.M 2012, The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance, Journal of leadership and management, vol. 3, issue no. 2, pp. 12-22. Helmrich, B 2015, 11 creative ways to show employee appreciation, Viewed 1 August 2016, https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/8152-employee-appreciation-tips.html. Kinning, B 2011, Five ways to increase sales from tellers, Viewed 1 August 2016, https://www.schneidersales.com/schneider-report-archive/SR-Five-Ways-to-Increase-Sales-from-Tellers.pdf. Sleimi, T 2015, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: Pivotal Role in Bank Tellers Satisfaction and Performance: Case Study of Palestinian Local Banks, International journal of business and social science, Vol. 6, issue no. 11, pp. 127-135.

Henrik Ibsen Essays - Ibsen Family, Henrik Ibsen, Ibsen, Catiline

Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen was born at Skien in Norway on March 20, 1828. When he was eight, his father went bankrupt. This event made a deep impression upon him. After they went bankrupt, his family moved to a small farm north of the town where they lived in poverty. Henrik was forced to attend a small local school. He received a substandard education. In 1843, the family returned to town. Unfortunately they were still poor. Ibsen came from a very dysfunctional family. His domineering father was an alcoholic who found solace in alcohol. His quiet mother found comfort in religion. He used them as a model for his plays. The blend of an overbearing husband and a submissive wife made appearances in his plays Brand, A Doll's House, and Ghosts. The bitter character of Hjalmar Ekdal in The Wild Duck was based on Ibsen's father. When he was sixteen, he moved to Grimstad to work for a druggist. He had wanted to become a doctor, but game up on the idea after he failed Greek and Math on his University entrance exams. Medicine was not his only ambition. He also wanted to be a painter. In 1850, Ibsen entered the first of his three writing periods. His romantic period went from 1850 to 1873. The greatest works from this period are the Brandand Peer Gynt Most of the plays that he wrote during these years are romantic historical dramas. Lady Inger of Ostraat was a romantic drama with intrigue. The Vikings of Helgeland was a simple and sad tragedy. The last play of the Romantic period was Emperor and Galilean. It is similar to Ibsen's other play Catiline because it showed his impatience with traditional attitudes and values. In both plays he showed sympathy for historical characters who were famous for being rebellious. Ibsen became the stage manager and playwright of the National Stage in Bergen in 1851. He worked there for six years. In 1857, he moved to Christiania (Oslo), where he became director of the Norwegian Theatre. He neglected both writing and the theatre. He plunged into social life with his literary friends and drank heavily. In 1858, Ibsen married Suzannah Thoresen, with whom he had one child, Sigurd Ibsen. This was a marriage that was often as misunderstood as the marriages of Ibsen's dramas. At the age of thirty, Ibsen saw his first performances of Shakespeare in Copenhagen and Dresden. Shakespeare's work convinced Ibsen that serious drama must strive toward a psychological truth and form its basis on the characters and conflicts of mankind. Ibsen and his friend Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson founded "The Norwegian Company" in 1859. After the Norwegian Theatre went bankrupt in 1862, Ibsen was depressed and broke. As a result, he was sometimes seen drunk on the streets of Christiania. His success with The Pretenders in 1863 inspired him to write several poems. Ibsen became bitterly disappointed with current political events, especially Norway's failure to help the Danes in their war against Prussia. In 1864 he left Norway. After he left, he spent most of his time in Rome, Dresden and Munich. He was supported by a pension from the Norwegian state and income from his books. In 1866, he had a significant breakthrough with his play Brand. In his speech to Christiania students in 1874, Ibsen said, "All I have written, I have mentally lived through. Partly I have written on that which only by glimpses, and at my best moments, I have felt stirring vividly within me as something great and beautiful. I have written on that which, so to speak, has stood higher than my daily self. But I have also written on the opposite, on that which to introspective contemplation appears as the dregs and sediments of one's own nature. Yes, gentlemen, nobody can poetically present that to which he has not to a certain degree and at least at times the model within himself." In 1877, Ibsen entered his second period of writing with his play Pillars of Society. Ibsen wrote a series of plays dealing with social problems, such as A Doll's House and Ghosts. He also wrote a series of plays dealing with psychological problems, such as The Lady from the Seas and Hedda Gabler. He wrote eight plays during of this period and both originated and perfected the problem play. The term "problem play" refers specifically to the type of drama which Ibsen wrote beginning with Pillars of Society in 1877. In these plays, the emphasis is on the presentation of a social or Henrik Ibsen Essays - Ibsen Family, Henrik Ibsen, Ibsen, Catiline Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen was born at Skien in Norway on March 20, 1828. When he was eight, his father went bankrupt. This event made a deep impression upon him. After they went bankrupt, his family moved to a small farm north of the town where they lived in poverty. Henrik was forced to attend a small local school. He received a substandard education. In 1843, the family returned to town. Unfortunately they were still poor. Ibsen came from a very dysfunctional family. His domineering father was an alcoholic who found solace in alcohol. His quiet mother found comfort in religion. He used them as a model for his plays. The blend of an overbearing husband and a submissive wife made appearances in his plays Brand, A Doll's House, and Ghosts. The bitter character of Hjalmar Ekdal in The Wild Duck was based on Ibsen's father. When he was sixteen, he moved to Grimstad to work for a druggist. He had wanted to become a doctor, but game up on the idea after he failed Greek and Math on his University entrance exams. Medicine was not his only ambition. He also wanted to be a painter. In 1850, Ibsen entered the first of his three writing periods. His romantic period went from 1850 to 1873. The greatest works from this period are the Brandand Peer Gynt Most of the plays that he wrote during these years are romantic historical dramas. Lady Inger of Ostraat was a romantic drama with intrigue. The Vikings of Helgeland was a simple and sad tragedy. The last play of the Romantic period was Emperor and Galilean. It is similar to Ibsen's other play Catiline because it showed his impatience with traditional attitudes and values. In both plays he showed sympathy for historical characters who were famous for being rebellious. Ibsen became the stage manager and playwright of the National Stage in Bergen in 1851. He worked there for six years. In 1857, he moved to Christiania (Oslo), where he became director of the Norwegian Theatre. He neglected both writing and the theatre. He plunged into social life with his literary friends and drank heavily. In 1858, Ibsen married Suzannah Thoresen, with whom he had one child, Sigurd Ibsen. This was a marriage that was often as misunderstood as the marriages of Ibsen's dramas. At the age of thirty, Ibsen saw his first performances of Shakespeare in Copenhagen and Dresden. Shakespeare's work convinced Ibsen that serious drama must strive toward a psychological truth and form its basis on the characters and conflicts of mankind. Ibsen and his friend Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson founded "The Norwegian Company" in 1859. After the Norwegian Theatre went bankrupt in 1862, Ibsen was depressed and broke. As a result, he was sometimes seen drunk on the streets of Christiania. His success with The Pretenders in 1863 inspired him to write several poems. Ibsen became bitterly disappointed with current political events, especially Norway's failure to help the Danes in their war against Prussia. In 1864 he left Norway. After he left, he spent most of his time in Rome, Dresden and Munich. He was supported by a pension from the Norwegian state and income from his books. In 1866, he had a significant breakthrough with his play Brand. In his speech to Christiania students in 1874, Ibsen said, "All I have written, I have mentally lived through. Partly I have written on that which only by glimpses, and at my best moments, I have felt stirring vividly within me as something great and beautiful. I have written on that which, so to speak, has stood higher than my daily self. But I have also written on the opposite, on that which to introspective contemplation appears as the dregs and sediments of one's own nature. Yes, gentlemen, nobody can poetically present that to which he has not to a certain degree and at least at times the model within himself." In 1877, Ibsen entered his second period of writing with his play Pillars of Society. Ibsen wrote a series of plays dealing with social problems, such as A Doll's House and Ghosts. He also wrote a series of plays dealing with psychological problems, such as The Lady from the Seas and Hedda Gabler. He wrote eight plays during of this period and both originated and perfected the problem play. The term "problem play" refers specifically to the type of drama which Ibsen wrote beginning with Pillars of Society in 1877. In these plays, the emphasis is on the presentation of a social or

Free Essays on Dracula

Title: Dracula Author: Bram Stoker Publisher: 1897 by Archibald Constable & Co. Story Jonathan Harker, young lawyer, makes trip to Transylvania to sell land in England to Count Dracula. Meanwhile, young fiance, Mina, spending summer by the sea in Whitby, port town in Eng. with friend Lucy Westenra. Lucy falls ill: blood seems to disappear. Jonathan somehow escapes, has brain fever, saved by the sisters of a convent and marries Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch doctor comes to see what is the matter with Lucy. It seems that she is the victim of a vampire. The circle of LucyÕs freinds, who try to save her, are too late in discovering that Dracula had come across the sea on a merchant vessel, delivering crates of Transylvanian dirt. When she dies, she becomes Un-dead, preying on the blood of little children of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is fully dead. The group of friends: Van Helsing, Jonathan and Mina Harker, and LucyÕs three previous suitors, Dr. Seward, owner of a mental hospital next door to DraculaÕs future estate, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a young American. They decide to do whatever they can to destroy the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the group cannot defeat him. Learn that crates of earth are being sent around as places where Dracula can stop to rest or change form if he so desires. They travel to Translyvania to save their dear friend Mina and rid the world of Count Dracula and all of his followers.... Free Essays on Dracula Free Essays on Dracula Title: Dracula Author: Bram Stoker Publisher: 1897 by Archibald Constable & Co. Story Jonathan Harker, young lawyer, makes trip to Transylvania to sell land in England to Count Dracula. Meanwhile, young fiance, Mina, spending summer by the sea in Whitby, port town in Eng. with friend Lucy Westenra. Lucy falls ill: blood seems to disappear. Jonathan somehow escapes, has brain fever, saved by the sisters of a convent and marries Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch doctor comes to see what is the matter with Lucy. It seems that she is the victim of a vampire. The circle of LucyÕs freinds, who try to save her, are too late in discovering that Dracula had come across the sea on a merchant vessel, delivering crates of Transylvanian dirt. When she dies, she becomes Un-dead, preying on the blood of little children of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is fully dead. The group of friends: Van Helsing, Jonathan and Mina Harker, and LucyÕs three previous suitors, Dr. Seward, owner of a mental hospital next door to DraculaÕs future estate, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a young American. They decide to do whatever they can to destroy the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the group cannot defeat him. Learn that crates of earth are being sent around as places where Dracula can stop to rest or change form if he so desires. They travel to Translyvania to save their dear friend Mina and rid the world of Count Dracula and all of his followers.... Free Essays on Dracula Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. – Romans. XII. 21 Evil often triumphs, but never conquers. – Joseph Roux The two quotations from above explain that evil never conquers because good always overcomes it. A good example of this is the book Dracula by Bram Stoker because the author expresses the nature of good vs. evil. Dracula wants to come to London because he wants to turn everyone into vampires. The basic background of the book Dracula is when Jonathan Harker, a realtor who is sent to Transylvania to complete a transaction with Dracula so he can come to England. What Harker does not know is that Dracula has a plan for world domination. Well, while Harker is on a train to Transylvania he enters â€Å"the east, a section of Europe whose peoples and customs will be for the most part, strange and unfamiliar† (Dracula, 20). Harker arrives at Bistritz on the eve of St. George’s Day, â€Å"a night when evil things in the world have full swa y† (Dracula, 21). When Harker first sees this, he is unconcerned about these superstitions. Then he sees something that is very peculiar. An old woman is very afraid of the word â€Å"Dracula.† She offers Harker a gift of rosary to protect him of evil spirits. After she gives him the rosary, he starts to feel uncomfortable going to the Borgo pass on the following day. The Borgo pass is very important because this is the place where Dracula’s carriage will await Harker. Well on the next day, a crowd of peasants gather around the carriage mumbling linguist words that seem to have some kind of link to the word vampire. Then the â€Å"whole crowd makes the sign of the cross and point two fingers at Harker† (Dracula, 30), to wish him a safe journey. When the carriage dashes by the country peasants, they knell and cross themselves. Until this point Jonathan Harker does not know the â€Å"Dracula beckons Harker into his castle and into a horrifying adventure wit h the supernatural† (Lidston ... Free Essays on Dracula Title: Dracula Author: Bram Stoker Publisher: 1897 by Archibald Constable & Co. Story Jonathan Harker,a young lawyer makes a trip to Transylvania to sell land in England to Count Dracula. Meanwhile, young fiance, Mina, spending the summer by the sea in Whitby, port town in England with her friend Lucy Westenra. Lucy falls ill: blood seems to disappear. Jonathan somehow escapes, has brain fever, saved by the sisters of a convent and marries Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch doctor comes to see what is the matter with Lucy. It seems that she is the victim of a vampire. The circle of LucyÕs freinds, who try to save her, are too late in discovering that Dracula had come across the sea on a merchant vessel,delivering crates of Transylvanian dirt. When she dies, she becomes Un-dead, preying on the blood of little children of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is fully dead. The group of friends: Van Helsing,Jonathan and Mina Harker, and LucyÕs three previous suitors, Dr. Seward, owner of a mental hospital next door to DraculaÕs future estate, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a young American. They decide to do whatever they can to destroy the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the group cannot defeat him. Learn that crates of earth are being sent around as places where Dracula can stop to rest or change form if he so desires. They travel to Translyvania to save their dear friend Mina and rid the world of Count Dracula and all of his followers. Book vs. Movie -Excellent Book. Movie (1993) good adaptation, relatively similar, but a few faults: -portrayal of Women. Book has strong women (contrast to Wuthering Heights) but movie weakens them. Book: Mina makes anthology of info. Movie: Mina cheats on Jonathan with "prince," Lucy is brought forward as a loose girl, but book has her shy. -I liked movieÕs Holmwood: ...

The Importance of Development, Communication, and Learning in Teams Essay

The Importance of Development, Communication, and Learning in Teams - Essay Example Importance of Team Development Team development is important because it produces a productive workforce. Team work inspires solidarity among employees and it also helps build trust (Mackin, 2007). This way everyone in the company carries out their duties effectively since they have the support of everyone else. For example, when a company encourages team work among its employees, they will be able to trust each other, communicate better and learn to work together to achieve the company’s objectives. Effective Training Principles For effective team development, the following team principles are necessary: leadership, communication, trust, problem solving and decision making capabilities (Midura and Glover, 2005). In a company scenario, when team members are trained to work as a team, they not only enhance their leadership skills, but they also learn how to trust and communicate more effectively. This helps them solve problems and make decisions that are beneficial for the proje ct at hand. Stages in Team Development The five stages of team development proposed by Bruce Tuckman are: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning (Sugars, 2006). At the forming stage, the team members get to know each other better, they exchange personal information and they also make new friends. It is at this stage that members get a scope of the task at hand. Example: when team members get together to know each other’s names and interests, that is forming. At the storming stage, each team member has different ideas of the project at hand. It is at this stage that the team decides which problems to solve and how to solve them. Example: there may be differences on the reporting time for the team project, but when the members sit and agree on a specific time, the issue is resolved. At the norming stage, the team comes up with a single goal and a plan for carrying out activities. For example: a team might decide that the goal is to build new software in two month s and everyone should take the responsibility in ensuring that that happens. At the performing stage, the team members are actually working together to finish a project without any conflicts. Example: team members working on the algorithms of software can be said to be performing. Adjourning is the final stage that involves the dissolution of the team after a task has been finished. For instance, when a team comes up with new software, there is no more work to be done by the team and so it is dissolved (Midura and Glover, 2005). Communication in Teams Communication in a team helps individuals to achieve what they set out to achieve when they formed the team. When there is communication within the team, the team members are likely to be more efficient in carrying out their duties, and therefore they end up being more productive (Sugars, 2006). Teams communicate when individuals share information about the projects that they are working on. Communication also occurs when each member l ets the others know what his role is and what he expects to get from the team work. Communication allows the team members to develop trust and find ways of resolving conflicts that may arise (Lumsden, Lumsden and Wiethoff, 2010). An example of team communication is when members know each other so well that they are able to help each other out and compliment each other’s efforts without a problem. Team Learning This is the organizational process that involves individuals working

New technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New technology - Research Paper Example 2. New Technology for Blind Individuals There are many individuals in the world who do not have the power of sight. This loss makes visually impaired individuals dependent on others for their daily routine activities like making a trip to the grocery store, visiting a friend etc. Technology has contributed its part in the development of new techniques to make life better for individuals who have low sightedness or blindness. The technology that has been chosen for analysis helps blind individuals find their way around the streets and neighborhoods without any supervision. Blind people tend to be comfortable in the vicinity of their homes since they are well-acquainted with the placement of objects and the structure of the premises. On the contrary, they feel threatened to get out in the real world on their own due to the unknown directions and locations. The fear of getting lost also ceases such independent trips. Modern technology has successfully provided blind people with effectiv e devices to overcome the previously stated fears. An innovative technology has been invented that guides the blind person about the directions that are required to be taken to reach a specific direction. The device is known by the name of ‘Intersection Explorer’ and it has been released by Google in 2010 (Google Inc.,). Intersection Explorer includes a touch screen which is provided with a virtual map of any desired location in the world. The blind user can select the map of his neighborhood to explore the region and seek directions for a desired place. Google maps is incorporated in the device due to which the blind person cannot get lost; Google maps provide extensive mapping features, coupled with the local business information, for example, all restaurants can be listed on its search features that would be located in a certain region or city (Google Maps). This device is also based on GPS technology that is defined as the global positioning system (Purewal); GPS de termines the position of a user with the help of satellites maintained in the space (Lammertsma). The blind person does not have to type anything in the device to get directions; rather it is operated by touching the screen of the device. The aspect of touch operations makes the technology even more convenient for blind users since they take longer periods of time to type (as compared to sighted individuals) and require special keyboards with Braille display to input their desired text. The user browses his finger around the screen of the device and gets audio feedback about the place where his finger is pointed. The person gets notified about his position as he crosses different streets. This feature ensures that the user does not get lost and is aware about his current position at all time, for example, â€Å"Moved 70 meters towards Park Lane† (Raman). Figure 1: Intersection Explorer displaying nearby streets and intersections. The red spot indicates the position of the use r [1]. The most interesting feature of this technology gets revealed when the user gets the feeling of being lost. The user can trace his finger on the screen in a circle and the device will provide feedback about all the streets that have been crossed. This information can highlight any wrong directions that might have been taken in the respective path. The operations of this device are not very complex therefore any person with minimal computer

Organisational Structure And Cross Cultural Management Icici Bank Commerce Essay

Organisational Structure And Cross Cultural Management Icici Bank Commerce Essay This paper explores the linkage between organizational structure and cross-cultural management. It suggests that a fluid and continuously evolving structure enables effective cross-cultural management. In support of this, the paper reports on the experience of the second largest bank in India and the largest private sector bank in India by market capitalization. The Bank has a network of 2,509 branches and 5,808 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and specialization subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. ICICI Bank is also the largest issuer of credit cards in India. ICICI Banks shares are listed on the stock exchanges at  BSE,  NSE,  Kolkata  and Vadodara (formerly Baroda)  ; its  ADRs trade on the  New York Stock Exchange  (NYSE). The Bank is expanding in overseas markets and has the largest international balance sheet among Indian banks. ICICI Bank now has wholly owned subsidiaries, branches and representatives offices in 19 countries, including an offshore unit in Mumbai. This includes wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, Russia and the UK  offshore banking units in Bahrain and Singapore, an advisory branch in Dubai, branches in Belgium, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka, and representative offices in Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates and USA. Overseas, the Bank is targeting the NRI (Non-Resident Indian) population in particular. ICICI reported a 1.15% rise in net profit to  Indian rupee1,014.21 crore on a 1.29% increase in total income to  Indian rupee9,712.31 crore in Q2 September 2008 over Q2 September 2007. The banks  CASA ratio  increased to 30% in 2008 from 25% in 2007. ICICI Bank is one of the  Big Four Banks  of India, along with  State Bank of India,  Punjab National Bank  and  Canara Bank   its main competitors. Introduction International business houses are increasingly operating with multicultural work forces. One key to competitive advantage for these business houses is effective cross-cultural management. Even conservative business houses such as traditional banks are finding that the thrust of competition requires them to manage diversity in their workforces. An example of one such traditional bank is ICICI Bank. ICICI Banks performance and aspirations are underpinned by a strong organizational culture of dynamism, meritocracy, excellence in execution and high standards of professional integrity that have helped us become an industry leader. The bank runs a leadership development program which aims to build leadership talent within the organization. The program attempts to tap into the potential of employees and develop them into global leaders. It has also extended its role beyond economic growth concerns to directly participate in the pursuit of human development.   CROSS- CULTURE MANAGEMENT Smiths Work View Smith (ICICI MD) and his original team did well. ICICI prospered. Their 8-8 banking service set a new benchmark in the industry BUT its grown too vast. Smith is surrounded by people who do not present the true status of the crippling retail dissatisfaction Smith has become risk averse and has appointed people whove been around him for years, as heads of divisions. They do not have the same drive and enthusiasm as Smith and hence the stagnation. The need of the hour is to expand infrastructure, bring in younger people in the top management (people in 30s and early 40s). and ofcourse until then, ICICI can be avoided. Work culture at ICICI Bank It is a tech-savvy, non-hierarchical, work environment where early responsibility and independent decision-making enable each employee to reach his/her potential. Coupled with this is a strong performance management system that has built a meritocracy where high performing-high potential individuals are duly rewarded. Employees Satisfaction Even during recession ICICI Bank did not cut back on employees But instead announced a policy of No promotion No bonus but no attrition too!! This policy is serving two purposes for ICICI bank, cutting down employee cost and employee retention. Employees also feel that as an employer the bank extends a lot of authority along with justified accountability. Employees perceived the working culture at ICICI bank to be very collaborative in nature. It can be owed to the fact that the bank is highly segmented with a lot of overlapping and mostly distinct roles and responsibilities. The Employees also considered that ICICI bank offers them with a lot of financial benefits ranging from your family health insurance to your kids school donations. But certain concerns in terms of Lack of time for fulfilling social responsibilities And more sales oriented culture are there. Dress Code ICICI Bank would issue dress to be worn by all Progamme Participants. This dress, as laid down, would be worn for all classes and other organised activities. Till the time the participants are issued with the dress they would abide by the following dress code: (a) Gentlemen (i) Formal office trousers and shirts with a tie. Most acceptable colours for trousers would be black, brown, blue and grey. Preferable pastel colours for shirts. (ii) Suits for formal occasions. (iii) Formal footwear (iv) Well groomed. (b) Ladies (i) Silk or cotton (starched) sari (ii) Formal western wear (formal trousers/skirts with a top or a jacket) or salwar kameez. (iii) Formal footwear. (iv) Well groomed. Role Of Women In ICICI Bank Chanda Kochhar knew nothing about retail banking when she took over ICICI Banks fledgling retail operations in 1998 at the age of 36. That made Citibank and others think ICICI was only doing a small flirtation, she says, and they underestimated the growth in the market. They also underestimated this smart, assertive woman, known for her colorful saris and carefully matched jewelry. Today ICICI, Indias second-largest and fastest-growing bank, is the market leader in retail banking, with more than 15 million customers, accounting for more than a third of Indias total retail credit. And Kochhar No. 37 on this years list of the worlds most powerful businesswomen added corporate banking to her portfolio in April and is a leading candidate to become managing director and chief executive of the Mumbai bank when the job becomes vacant at the end of 2008. That a woman should achieve such success in a male-dominated industry, in an economy where women often play subservient roles, might be a surprise at any other Indian bank. But  ICICI  (Charts) has made a name for itself by recognizing female talent. Three of the five members of the banks executive board are women, as are 13 of its 40 top managers and one of Kochhars two rivals for the chief executive job Shikha Sharma, the 47-year-old managing director of ICICI Prudential. Once dubbed the petticoat brigade by Mumbais chauvinistic banking fraternity, these highly competitive women have helped build a business known for its aggressive, risk-taking attitude and its growth from a sleepy, bureaucratic development institution into Indias most diversified and customer-oriented bank. Almost all the leaders we have picked have succeeded, and most have been women, says K.V. Smith, ICICIs CEO, who has been responsible for empowering them. Kalpana Morparia, a lawyer and the other joint managing director, retires next May. Her peers at other banks say she has been the backbone of ICICI for the past ten years, looking after the raising of funds and the regulatory environment. She says she stayed at ICICI, when she could have earned far more elsewhere, because the empowerment gives an entrepreneurial framework, where you have all the support systems. Sharma, another early achiever and fast learner, admits she is fiercely competitive. When she was 33 she headed ICICIs side of a securities joint venture with J.P. Morgan, initially knowing little about markets. That led to a two-year stint at Morgan, after which she ran ICICIs corporate planning department and started its retail banking operation. In 2000, knowing nothing about insurance, she set up the joint venture with Britains Prudential, which is restricted by government policy to a 26% equity stake and has only a minimal management presence. That leaves Sharma in charge of Indias largest private-sector insurance company, with 12.5% of the market. She says women are good at succeeding without prior experience because they have smaller egos [than men], and its easier for me to say, Hey, I know nothing about this. Technology Department Very aggressive Bank in terms of adopting the best practices, technology and takng business for a young entrant a very good opportunity to learn and grow Extreme work pressures makes one to learn to respond quickly and efficiently and absorb pressure a trait useful for the future Senior management backing for new initiatves Fairly transperant Performance Appraisal system Open to changes in department for employees, allowing employees to grow Very professional, Good place to work It need only to sell product, brand awareness is high, very strong in systems, minimum paperwork, good training opportunities, opportunities given to do different things other than the regular job. Excellent place to learn marketing and strategy. Unearthly working hours usual. Less involvement from HR regarding welfare of employees, some established managers tend to push down people who dont perform instead of hand holding them, demotions in roles very common, even if you are a good performer. Senior Management care more for your employees, they are more than just another email id! Find ways to understand whats happening on the field, its very different from whatever impression you have! Flexibility in terms of changing job profiles; power and authority assigned at each level is very motivating; employees feel very powerful in ICICI as compared with other organisations. Literature Review The author reviews the theoretical and empirical literature to examine the traditional perception that the following trade-off exists between economic efficiency and stability in the banking system: a competitive banking system is more efficient and therefore important to growth, but market power is necessary for stability in the banking system. That this trade-off exists is not clear. Market power can have positive implications for efficiency, and the potentially negative implications of competition on stability may be manageable through prudential regulation. Neither extreme (perfect competition nor monopoly) is likely ideal. Rather, it may be optimal to facilitate an environment that promotes competitive behaviour (contestability), thereby minimizing the potential costs of market power while realizing benefits from any residual that remains. It can be very difficult to assess the contestability of a banking market. Recent work suggests that the number of banks and the degree of co ncentration are not, in themselves, sufficient indicators of contestability. Other factors play a strong role, including regulatory policies that promote competition, a well-developed financial system, the effects of branch networks, and the effect and uptake of technological advancements. Classical views of organizational structure have emphasized the durable arrangements within an organization. Jackson Morgan (1982) define organizational structure in line with the classical view as: the relatively enduring allocation of work roles and administrative mechanisms that creates a pattern of inter-related work activities, and allows the organization to conduct, coordinate, and control its work activities. This definition of organizational structure with the caveat that work arrangements need not always be relatively enduring. Early writers on the subject, including Taylor (1911), Fayol (1930), and Weber (Gerth Mills, 1958), had stipulated an ideal-type of organizational structure for all situations. In the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, the one best form fits all view was replaced by the contingency approach. A contingency perspective such as that of Lorsch Morse (1974) prescribes that an alignment should exist between structure, task, technology, the environment, and people. This approach takes into account that structures can be flexible and responsive to change. Contingency theorists such as Duncan (1977), Lawrence Lorsch (1967), Burns Stalker (1961), Minzberg (1979), Miles Snow (1978), and Galbraith (1973) recommended that organizational structure should be either organic or mechanistic depending on the nature of the external environment. A stable external environment called for a mechanistic structure, while a turbulent environment required an organic structure one flexible enough to evol ve. The power of the contingency theory was validated in two countries from the non-English speaking world by Boseman Simonetti (1975), indicating that non-traditional notions of structure apply in a variety of cultural contexts. In the past twenty-five years several researchers have made a case for viewing organizational structure in terms of transient features rather than durable ones. Duncans work (1977) was among the earliest in this genre. Duncan advocated a bifurcated initiation and implementation structure for creative organizations. It then became possible to envisage structures that were bifurcated in other ways, such as those that have organic and bureaucratic structures existing conterminously as described by Peterson (1981). Here, the segment of the organization that engages in creative activities is separated from the rest of the organization, which is essentially bureaucratic. Just as creativity exerted a pressure for organizations to adopt transient structures, lately, knowledge generation and transfer in high information-intensity and velocity contexts have likewise exerted pressures for looser structures. Miles Snow (1995) have argued for flexible networked structures for such organizations. In their literature review piece, Child McGrath (2001) too note how continuously changing structures, are de rigour in knowledge based organizations. Coulson-Thomas (1991) has predicted that corporations dealing with complex operations would opt for flatter and more fluid organizational structures that can develop into networks, as well as have greater flexibility and responsiveness to customer needs. This would be accompanied by a management approach which pushes organizational hierarchy to individuals, who require access to expertise and specialists. Pepper (1995) advanced an even more dynamic perspective on structure, which incorporated such elements as working relationships, actual experiences of members, and interpretations of occurrences. Pepper suggested that structure should be treated like a document that is authored by organizational members. Weick (1995) also postulated a dynamic view of structure. Weick talked about enacting organizations which are a function of organizational members preferences. He observed, Organizing is a continuous flow of movement that people try to co-ordinate with a continuous flow of input. Taking off from the notion of enactment, is that of inverted firms. Anderson, Finkelstein, Quinn (1996) have recommended that hierarchies be dispensed with in certain contexts; instead, structures be organised in the form of patterns tailored to specific needs. Also closely related to the notion of enactment is that of improvisation. Improvisation connotes flexibility of form, an area a few contemporary researchers are currently discussing. Volberda (1999) holds that the extent of flexibility of a firms structure should be aligned to the extent of turbulence prevalent in its environment. Additionally, a firm may on the whole be averagely flexible but have both a unit that is extremely flexible and a unit that is extremely rigid, functioning within it. Gold Hirshfeld (2005) have demonstrated how the principles of improvisation underlying jazz music can be used to promote strategic renewal within organizations. McHugh Wheeler (1995) described a particularly fluid structure called holonic network. This is a set of companies that acts integrated and organically; it is constantly re-configured to manage each business opportunity a customer presents. Each company within the network provides a different process capability and is called a Holon. This capacity for frequent re-configuring has been termed more recently by Eisenhardt Galunic (2001) as architectural innovation. Here, the different capabilities of an organization, including its structural components are re-combined in various ways to enhance performance. Table I: Consider how our view of structure has changed over time I From durable structures to flexible structures Theorist Essence of Theory Period Weber, Taylor, Fayol One best form of structure that is largely unvarying, durable and bureaucratic. Focus was on establishing order and maintaining predictability Early 20th Century Duncan, Lawrence Lorsch, Burns Stalker, Minzberg, Miles Snow, and Galbraith Structure should not be consistently unvarying. A stable environment necessitates a mechanistic structure, while a turbulent environment calls for an organic and flexible structure. The type of structure adopted should be contingent on the nature of the environment. 1960s 1970s Duncan, Peterson A creative organization should have certain elements of structure that are flexible. 1970s early 1980s Child McGrath, Miles Snow A knowledge generation and transfer organization should have a flexible structure. 1990s early 2000s Table II: Consider how our view of structure has changed over time II Different imperatives for flexible structures Theorist Essence of Theory Period Coulson-Thomas Complex, high-performance organizations require flat, fluid, flexible structures that enable responsiveness to customer needs. These structures can develop into networks. 1991 McHugh Wheeler Complex, high-performance organizations require a fluid structure that enables re-configuration suited to each business opportunity that arises. These structures can develop into colonic networks. 1995 Pepper High-performance organizations require flexible structures capable of incorporating such features as actual experiences of members, etc. These structures enable employee participation in and ownership of organizational processes 1995 Weick High-performance organizations require flexible structures that enable employees to enact their work-related preferences. These structures promote efficiency and employee participation. 1995 Anderson, Finkelstein, Quinn High-performance organizations sometimes require inverted structures that enable the removal of hierarchies. These structures can be tailored to specific needs. 1996 Volberda High-performance organizations should be internally differentiated so that units have varying extents of flexibility. This promotes efficiency and alignment with the environments demand. 1999 Eisenhardt Galunic High-performance organizations should emphasise the architectural innovation capability of its structure. This enhances performance. 2001 Gold Hirschfield High-performance organizations require structures that are capable of improvisation. This enables strategic renewal. 2005 Looking at organizational structure in terms of a historical perspective is useful, since it underscores the fact that its components do not have to be durable. Thus due to several imperatives, organizational structures are assuming flexible forms. Cross-cultural management can be a further reason why organizations should adopt flexible structures with transient features. That personnel can have preferences for structural forms that reflect their cultural heritage is indicated by the INSEAD study of Stevens (cited in Hofstede, 1991). In this study, MBA students from Great Britain, France and Germany were presented with a caselet about and interpersonal problem in a corporation. The students were requested to present a solution that involved re-engineering the structure. The interpersonal problem was that two department heads could not see eye to eye. The British students diagnosed the problem as being one of poor communication between the department heads. The problem could be resolved, according to the British students, by providing training in interpersonal skills to the feuding department heads. The French students suggested that the problem be referred one level up to the president of the corporation. The German students recommended that there should be greater clarity regarding the roles, responsibilities, and spheres of activity of the two department heads. These roles, etc. the German students opined, should be described and specified unambiguously. Stevens study specifically suggests that flexible structural forms may be appropriate in cross-cultural management contexts. Changs (2002) paper written notes that culture has implications for job design. Thus, managers from individualistic ethnic cultures will value personal accomplishments. Meanwhile managers from collectivist cultures would place a premium on working harmoniously with others. The challenge is to design structures so that managers from both types of cultures can work productively together. We present here the experience of ICICI Bank as indicative that a fluid, flexible structure enables cross-cultural management. The fluid, flexible structure at ICICI Banks enabled managers from different cultures (collectivist and individualistic, high power-distance and low power-distance, etc.) to work synergistically with each other. Flexible structures obviate the sense that a structure or work pattern is being imposed by one cultural group on others. It provides a mechanism whereby culturally different work patterns can be reconciled in a meaningful fashion. (Reconciliation is a term used by Trompenaars (1993) for the process he developed to work through the tensions created by cultural differences.) RESEARCH EFFORT This study constitutes an exploratory effort. Its purpose is to examine how a fluid, flexible organizational structure facilitates cross-cultural management. Huberman Miles (1994) have recommended that when a deeper understanding of management contexts is sought, qualitative research designs may be appropriate. Similarly, organization theorists like Marjoribanks (2000) and Vogel (1996) have deliberately used fine-grained case studies to capture how institutional diffusion occurs. The present study employs qualitative methods and a substantive case study to observe and report the co-evolution of a fluid, flexible organizational structure and cross-cultural management practices. ICICI Bank has a vast and a well-connected network of branches offering incomparable banking and other financial services to its customers. You need not look far for an  ICICI bank branch  and can get all the relevant information regarding the address, phone number and other information about the nearest branch of ICICI bank in your area using an online tool of branch locator to locate an ICICI bank branch. The ICICI bank has established its branches in easily accessible market places across India enabling its customers to avail a variety of retail banking products offered by the bank.   The ICICI bank branches are spread throughout India and the world having  1,488 branches both in India and  18  countries. The customer care executives at branches are willing to help in order to provide assistance in all sorts of bank related products and services. The current office timings of ICICI bank branches are 8AM-8PM which has been proposed to 9AM-6PM. The bank has spread its reach far across the globe with branches in  Canada, USA, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka. It has established its presence in places such as Kuala Lumpur, San Francisco, San Jose, New York, California  etc. As the bank is playing an important role in countrys Political, Socio- economic, Technological environment as it provides many facilities to many customers throughout many countries and future plans are to expand the branches across the borders to meet the pace of Globalization and contribute to maximum Optimum utilization of resources in a well structured manner. ICICI Bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Background in brief In 1955, The Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited (ICICI) was incorporated at the initiative of World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry, with the objective of creating a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In 1994, ICICI established Banking Corporation as a banking subsidiary. Formerly known as Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, ICICI Banking Corporation was later renamed as ICICI Bank Limited. ICICI founded a separate legal entity, ICICI Bank, to undertake normal banking operations taking deposits, credit cards, car loans etc. In 2001, ICICI acquired  Bank of Madura  (est. 1943). Bank of Madura was a  Chettiar  bank, and had acquired  Chettinad Mercantile Bank  (est. 1933) and  Illanji Bank  (established 1904) in the 1960s. In 2002, The Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the reverse merger of ICICI,  ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited  and  ICICI Capital Services Limited, into ICICI Bank. After receiving all necessary regulatory approvals, ICICI integrated the groups financing and banking operations, both wholesale and retail, into a single entity. At the same time, ICICI started its international expansion by opening representative offices in  New York  and London. In India, ICICI Bank bought the  Shimla  and  Darjeeling  branches that  Standard Chartered Bank  had inherited when it acquired  Grindlays Bank. In 2003, ICICI opened subsidiaries in Canada and the United Kingdom (UK), and in the UK it established an alliance with Lloyds TSB. It also opened an Offshore Banking Unit (OBU) in Singapore and representative offices in Dubai and Shanghai. In 2004, ICICI opened a representative office in Bangladesh to tap the extensive trade between that country, India and South Africa. In 2005, ICICI acquired Investitsionno-Kreditny Bank (IKB), a Russia bank with about US$4mn in assets, head office in  Balabanovo  in the  Kaluga  region, and with a branch in  Moscow. ICICI renamed the bank ICICI Bank Eurasia. Also, ICICI established a branch in  Dubai  International Financial Centre and in  Hong Kong. In 2006, ICICI Bank UK opened a branch in  Antwerp, in Belgium. ICICI opened representative offices in  Bangkok,  Jakarta, and  Kuala Lumpur. In 2007, ICICI amalgamated Sangli Bank, which was headquartered in  Sangli, in  Maharashtra  State, and which had 158 branches in Maharashtra and another 31 in  Karnataka  State. Sangli Bank had been founded in 1916 and was particularly strong in rural areas. With respect to the international sphere, ICICI also received permission from the government of  Qatar  to open a branch in  Doha. Also, ICICI Bank Eurasia opened a second branch, this time in St. Petersburg. In 2008, The  US Federal Reserve  permitted ICICI to convert its representative office in  New York  into a branch. ICICI also established a branch in Frankfurt. In 2009, ICICI made huge changes in its organization like elimination of loss making department and re-stretching outsourced staff or renegotiate their charges in consequent to the recession. In addition to this, ICICI adopted a massive approach aims for cost control and cost cutting. In consequent of it, compensation to staff was not increased and no bonus declared for 2008-09. On 23 May ICICI Bank announced that it would merge with  Bank of Rajasthan  through a share-swap in a non-cash deal that values the Bank of Rajasthan at about  Indian rupee3,000 crore. ICICI announced that the merger expand ICICI Banks branch network by 25%. On 18h October 2010, ICICI will inaugurate I-Express, an instant cross-border money transfer option for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs). This service will be available through the ICICI Banks select partners in the  Gulf Cooperation Council. ICICI Bank is Indias second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 3,634.00 billion (US$ 81 billion) at March 31, 2010 and profit after tax Rs. 40.25 billion (US$ 896 million) for the year ended March 31, 2010. The Bank has a network of 2,509 branches and 5,808 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Our UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany.à ‚   ICICI Banks equity shares are listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Controversies over timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ ICICI Bank has been in focus in recent years because of alleged harassment of customers by its recovery agents. Listed below are some of the related news links: ICICI Bank was fined  Indian rupee55 lakh for hiring goons (known coloquially as goondas) to recover a loan. Recovery agents had ,allegedly, forcibly dragged out a youth (who was not even the borrower) from the car, beaten him up with iron rods and left him bleeding as they drove away with the vehicle. We hold ICICI Bank guilty of the grossest kind of deficiency in service and unfair trade practice for breach of terms of contract of hire-purchase/loan agreement by seizing the vehicle illegally,No civilised society governed by the rule of law can brook such kind of conduct said Justice Kaleem, who was born in Laddhawala, Muzaffarnagar is the president of the consumer commission. [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18] Four ICICI loan employees arrested on theft charges in Punjab. [19] ICICI Bank told to pay  Indian rupee1 lakh as compensation for using unlawful recovery methods. [20] RBI warns ICICI Bank for coercive methods to recover loans. [21] ICICI Bank drives customer to suicide Four men including an employee of ICICI Bank booked under sections 452, 306, 506 (II) and 34 of IPC for abetting suicide. According to the suicide note they advised him, If you cannot repay the bank loan, sell off your wife, your kids, yourself, sell everything at your home. Even then if you cannot n

MICHAEL CAIN :: essays papers

MICHAEL CAIN Michael Cain is an attorney for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and he came to talk to us about the evolution of the public trust doctrine in Wisconsin dealing with navigable water and current development issues related to the public trust. The doctrine states that a sizable body of common law has developed which holds that all navigable waters are held in trust by the state for the public and through the DNR Department of Justice and District Attorneys they have an affirmative duty to protect these public trust waters. With the increase in recreational and developmental pressures the amount of aquatic resources diminishes increasing the importance of this issue and the grounds of the public trust doctrine. This is important because the doctrine provides the foundation for preserving aquatic natural resources for the future. Wisconsin is facing developmental problems mainly, but not limited to, the northern part of the state. People want to buy lakefront property to put their home or cottage on to get further from the cities and closer to nature. What they don’t realize is that developing this lakefront property like your home in the cities is ruining the natural vegetation and destroying shoreline habitat. The runoff of chemicals gets in the water affecting water quality and the removal of shoreline vegetation for recreational purposes reduces wildlife habitat. Basically they are pushing out the wildlife that they are trying to get closer to by being in the north woods. Cain talked about the historical aspect behind the public trust doctrine and its judicial construction. The doctrine was written to reflect the â€Å"public’s interest† in waterways and to respond to the activities that have and will impact the navigable waterways. The doctrine took into consideration cases such as Willow River vs. Wade in 1898 recognizing the right of the public to fish in navigable waters. The doctrine was later expanded with the recognition of changes in public needs and use such as recreational purposes and scenic beauty. Many important cases have come before the Supreme Court since the expansion of the trust doctrine. Take the Village of Menomonee Falls vs. DNR where there was the proposal to channelize two and a half miles of Lilly Creek with concrete for purposes of stormwater control. The DNR won this case because it would destroy the natural habitat and aesthetics of the stream and was inconsistent with the goals for the area that had already been established.

Negative Effects of Reality Television Essay

I know for a fact that reality TV shows are negative on teenagers. To start with, the shows for example jersey shore they do not emphasize education and responsibility. All they care for is partying drinking and smoking weed every single day. The characters in the show think its no big deal to show what they doing in daily basis on reality TV. They don’t care a bit for what kids might be learning from there shows. Teenager’s behaviors are changing every time reality shows air out on TV. Teenage females are starting to dress differently; they are starting to show more skin at a very young age. Young female teenagers are starting to love attention from the males it makes them feel good about them selves. Their seeing all type of attention on reality TV and how men always make the female feel good. That’s when teenager is losing respect for their families and respect for them selves. Some families starting to get worried about there teenagers because most of their children are slicking on school and education. Secondly, these types of shows not only influences teenagers who watch their show into this type of shallow behavior, but they also send out an image to the world about what America can be like. Its also giving out an image to the world about what American parents can be like how they might not care for there children. Reality television shows are bringing down hopes for the ones who want a better future for their selves. Another show that has a negative influence on teenagers is â€Å"teen mom† I must say that is the most disturbing show they can air out for teenagers to watch. What were they really thinking? After the show was aired out on TV 55% of the females in high school got pregnant. The females on the show are talking about how they are in love and ready to make a family at the age of 16. When the show is being watched by teenager they think is ok to Have a baby too and be in love if the people on reality TV shows can do it why not them? What viewers don’t understand is that this is problem because reality TV is not exactly just real life on camera. Instead, the shows are edited to make them more interesting and exciting. What this tends to mean is that they get edited to include more conflict, more danger, more of things that you could call negative but teenagers would enjoy. When viewers watch this sort of show, they believe that reality is like that how they enjoying their life everyday.